Guantánamo Bay is still open. This week, pressure ramped up to close it (2024)

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In this handout photo provided by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Military Police guard detainees in orange jumpsuits on Jan. 11, 2002 at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. U.S. Navy/Getty Images hide caption

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U.S. Navy/Getty Images

In this handout photo provided by the U.S. Navy, U.S. Military Police guard detainees in orange jumpsuits on Jan. 11, 2002 at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba.

U.S. Navy/Getty Images

It was 22 years ago this week that the U.S. opened a military prison in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, to hold suspected terrorists after the 9/11 attacks.

That prison remains open today.

It still holds 30 men, many of whom have never been criminally charged, and there has still been no 9/11 trial.

So this week, a group of nearly 100 advocacy organizations sent a letter to President Biden urging him to finally close the facility.

One of them is the Center for Victims of Torture. Its director of global policy and advocacy, Scott Roehm, talks to NPR's Sacha Pfeiffer about why the prison is still open, and what is happening with the long-awaited 9/11 trial.

This interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity.

Interview highlights

Sacha Pfeiffer: Resistance to closing Guantánamo has generally been Republican-led, but that's fading the further away we get from 9/11. So why do you think the Biden administration hasn't made closing Gitmo more of a priority?

Scott Roehm: I think it's largely been a lack of courage and a lack of priority. There weren't nearly enough transfers out of Guantánamo. The administration released a handful of men earlier in the year, and then the transfers stopped. These are men that all of the agencies in the U.S. government with a significant national security function have agreed, unanimously, should be released. They no longer need to continue to be held. Their detention doesn't serve a national security purpose. In most cases, these decisions were made years ago.

Pfeiffer: We should note that these are often referred to as "forever prisoners" — people held in indefinite detention even when, as you said, they're sometimes cleared for release, but still are held because the administration is trying to find countries to take them, so they languish.

Roehm: That's right. I think it's hard to imagine that the State Department couldn't find a single country in the world willing to receive some of these cleared-for-release men. And so it appears they're continuing to languish at Guantánamo because that's what senior-most administration officials chose to do.

A U.S. Army soldier stands at the entrance to Camp Delta where detainees from the U.S. war in Afghanistan live on April 7, 2004 in Guantánamo Bay. Joe Raedle/Getty Images hide caption

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Joe Raedle/Getty Images

Pfeiffer: One big obstacle to closing Guantánamo is these "forever prisoners" languishing even though they've been cleared for release. Another big obstacle is that the 9/11 trial is hopelessly gridlocked — years and years of pretrial proceedings that many people think will never lead to a trial. There had been settlement talks underway to try to get the defendants to plead guilty in return for life in prison — what we assumed would be life in prison. But last summer, the Biden administration derailed that process by rejecting some proposed conditions of the deal. What did you think when you heard that?

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Roehm: This has been called the most important criminal case in U.S. history. And yet, for 16 years, the case has been spinning its wheels haplessly, this kind of rusty hamster wheel of injustice. And it's still years away even from a trial. A plea agreement is, realistically, the only way to resolve the case with some measure of justice and finality for victim family members at this point, and that's because the prosecution is built largely on quicksand. Almost all of the government's evidence that it would use in order to convict the men is based on torture.

Why did the administration reject a plea deal? As with most things Guantánamo, the answer is probably political. More specifically, I would guess a fear that there would be some public opposition to a plea agreement. If that's the reason, it is as misguided as it is disheartening. There will always be mixed reaction to anything that involves Guantánamo. There can't be perfect solutions to closing a place that's been so broken in so many complex ways for so long. It really comes down to the administration mustering some courage to make good on the president's promise.

A mobile guard tower stands over a Guantánamo Bay camp. John Moore/Getty Images hide caption

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John Moore/Getty Images

Pfeiffer: Scott, three previous presidents have not shut down Guantánamo. How hopeful — or not — are you that your letter will actually influence the Biden administration's decision-making on Guantánamo?

Roehm: I certainly hope it will. If this is the path we're on, then I'm pessimistic. But it doesn't have to be the path we're on. This could change tomorrow, and I'm hopeful that it will. And we'll do everything we can to try to convince the administration that that's the right thing to do.